Transmitters and Receivers


Demodulation


3K1   Understand the operation of basic AM, CW, SSB and FM demodulator circuits and the function of the limiter for FM.

Please have in front of you and refer to it for most of this section of text.


AM demodulation circuit


In the Intermediate course notes your were shown how a diode detector recovers an AM signal (check back here).

The diode allows all the positive signal to pass but rejects all of the negative part of the signal.



The circuit diagram above shows a parallel tuned circuit, which can be tuned to the desired radio station (frequency) by the variable capacitor.

At the resonant frequency, the parallel tuned circuit has a high impedance (or opposition to AC / RF currents), the effect of this is to generate a maximum AC / RF potential difference across the tuned circuit.

The potential difference is rectified by the diode and DC is smoothed out by the capacitor C. The end result is that the recovered audio is only the overall shape of the signal which is applied to the ear piece / headphones which would have been the same shaped audio signal used to modulate the transmitter hence you hear what was transmitted.

CW demodulator circuit


Now it is possible for the AM simple detector to demodulate a CW signal but you will need a Beat Frequency Oscillator (BFO). This BFO (which is about 700Hz offset from the the IF) mixes with the IF signal which results an audible tone which will be at about 700Hz each time the RF is present which represents the morse key pressed down by the transmitting operator.


Also the AM simple detector can demodulate a SSB signal but to do so a Carrier Insertion Oscillator (CIO) is used to replace the carrier removed during the modulation process at the transmitter.

FM demodulator circuit


Please have in front of you

For the AM, simple diode detector is used. For an  FM signal a ratio detector, which as seen in the manual is called a ratio detector but outside the circuit diagram but inside the diagram it is called an FM discriminator.


and the function of the limiter for FM.


The function of the Limiter, (Limiter Circuit) used in an FM receiver is to remove the noise that exists on the peaks of the received signal and to remove any amplitude variation in the received signal this leads to the output of the limiter being a constant amplitude.




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